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The Advanced Launch System (ALS) was a joint USAF and NASA study from 1987-1990 that emerged in the post-Challenger period. Colonel John R. Wormington (Brig. Gen., USAF, Ret.) was assigned as program director of the Joint DoD and NASA Advanced Launch System Program Office located at Los Angeles AFB, CA with LtCol Michael C. Mushala (Maj. Gen., USAF, Ret.) as his Deputy Program Director. Mushala was promotion to Colonel in October 1989, and became Program Director when Wormington was reassigned as commander of the Eastern Space and Missile Center, Patrick AFB, FL in February 1990. Col Mushala closed out the program, the SPO was disbanded in July 1990 with remaining propulsion development efforts being managed by NASA alone. Total cost of this R&D effort was slightly under $3 Billion as it died an early death. This program office was unique in that it was the only System Program Office (SPO) within Space Systems Division (AFSC) that was allowed to be completely furnished with Apple MacintoshOS personal computers instead of the Command's mainline Microsoft WindowsOS PCs. This was in part because NASA already used Apple Macintosh computers and the joint program needed to communicate between the SPO located at Los Angeles AFB and the many NASA sites. This SPO also helped pioneer the use and development of what later became the Microsoft Project software application. The program considered requirements and launch vehicles for two primary goals. First, the USAF was tasked to deploy the space-based elements of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program. Second, because the SDI was initially projected to require many thousands of tons of payload to low Earth orbit, ALS was intended to reduce the cost of space transportation by an order of magnitude, from about $10,000 per kilogram to less than $1,000 per kilogram. NASA was interested in this cost reduction.〔"ALS Contractors Concentrate on Expendable, Reusable Designs", Aerospace Daily, 20 June 1989 page 463〕 By 1989, the Bush Administration inherited a plan for development of the Advanced Launch System that called for the Defense Acquisition Board to approve advanced development of the system in early 1990, leading to a first flight in 1998 and a full operational capability in 2000.〔Wolfe, M.G. et al, "The Advanced Launch System." 40th International Astronautical Federation Congress, Malaga Spain, 8–14 October 1989, IAF Paper 89-229.〕 This effort would lead to the development of a modular family of launch vehicles, with a payload capacity to low Earth orbit ranging from 5,000 kilograms to 200,000 kilograms, that would replace existing expendable launch vehicles in the 2000-2005 time frame.〔Branscome, D.R., "United States Space Transportation Survey," Proceedings of the 2nd European Aerospace Conference on Progress in Space Transportation, (European Space Agency, ESA SP-293, August 1989), pages 39-44.〕 However, by late 1989 it had become increasingly apparent that the requirements for the ALS program had largely disappeared.〔"Air Force Embraces Expendable Launchers," Military Space, 17 July 1989, page 3-4.〕 The initial phase of SDI would be deployed using existing Titan IV and Atlas II rockets, and the launch requirements for subsequent phases of SDI deployment were too vague to require immediate development of ALS.〔"Adams, Peter, "Congress May Consider ALS Too Costly, Sources Say," Defense News, 27 March 1989, page 25.〕 With total development cost of ALS pegged at $15 billion through its first flight in 1998,〔Smith, Bruce, "USAF Cuts Vehicle Design Work On Advanced Launch System," Aviation Week & Space Technology, 18 December 1989, page 112.〕 the need for ALS seemed increasing doubtful.〔Finnegan, Philip, "Report: ALS Program Lacks Mission, Should be Pared to Propulsion Study," Defense News, 25 September 1989, page 4.〕 The program had three prime contractors developing concept "Launch Family" systems, each with an $800 Million multi-year contract. They were Boeing Aerospace, Martin-Marietta, and General Dynamics for a total program budget of a little less than $2.5 Billion (the cost of just one B-2 bomber). By the end of 1990 the ALS program, once the centerpiece of space planning, had been reduced to a $150 Million per year propulsion development effort.〔Finnegan, Philip, "U.S. Air Force, NASA Restructure Advanced Launch System Program," Defense News, 15 January 1990, page 1, 25.〕 ==See also== * Advanced Transportation System Studies (1992–1994) * National Launch System (1991–1993) * National AeroSpace Plane (ca. 1990 - 1993) * Advisory Committee on the Future of the U.S. Space Program (Augustine Committee, 1990) * Space Exploration Initiative (1989) * Advanced Launch System (1987–1990) * Jarvis (rocket) * List of space launch system designs 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Advanced Launch System」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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